Hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, ischemic heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, and cerebrovascular heart disease are a few examples of common cardiovascular diseases. Angina, hypertrophy, and heart failure are the three main complications of hypertensive heart disease. These issues are brought on by high blood pressure in the heart's arteries and muscles, which results in the thickening and enlargement of the heart muscle and the narrowing of the arteries. The rise in geriatric population, increased prevalence of heart diseases, and diseases linked to lifestyle choices are the main factors driving the global market for Cardiovascular Drugs. Drugs for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases are needed to cater to the growing population suffering from these conditions. Any medication that has an impact on how the heart and blood vessels work. Among the most commonly prescribed medications in medicine are those that affect the cardiovascular system. Heart failure (insufficient heart output compared to the needs of the rest of the body) and arrhythmias are a few conditions that may benefit from the use of such medications. Other conditions include hypertension (high blood pressure), angina pectoris (chest pain brought on by insufficient blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle), and hypertension (disturbances of cardiac rhythm). Classes of Drugs-
There are three main ways that drugs impact how the heart works. They may have an impact on the heart's ability to contract forcefully (inotropic effects), the frequency or intensity of heartbeats (chronotropic effects), or the regularity of heartbeats (rhythmic effects). Different heart conditions are treated with a variety of drugs. The following are some examples of medications used in Cardiovascular Drugs: Anticoagulants, also known as blood thinners, stop the blood from coagulating or clotting. Dalteparin, enoxaparin, tinzaparin, and heparin are injectable anticoagulants. Warfarin is a frequently prescribed blood thinner that comes in tablet form. These medications are preventative measures for patients who have had a heart attack; they do not dissolve blood clots that already exist. Antiplatelet medications - Platelets are essential for blood clotting and the production of platelet plugs, which stop bleeding. Aspirin, ticlopidine, lopidogrel, and dipyridamole are a few antiplatelet drug examples. Patients who have experienced a heart attack are given them as preventative medications. Thrombolytic agents, such as streptokinase, reteplase, and altepase, are used to dissolve blood clots that have already formed. Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure, is decreased by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which help to dilate blood vessels. Heart failure, high blood pressure, and heart attacks are all treated with ACE inhibitors. This class of medications includes, among others, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, and lisinopril. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) - By blocking the receptors that angiotensin II typically binds to, these medications stop angiotensin II from having any impact on the heart and blood vessels. These medications can be used to treat heart attacks, heart failure, and high blood pressure. Candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan, and valsartan are a few examples of medications in this class. These medications, also known as beta blockers or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, lower heart rate and overall cardiac output. Blood pressure and heart rate are lowered by this. Beta blockers are effective treatments for some types of arrhythmia and high blood pressure. Atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and sotalol are among the medications in this class. Calcium channel blockers - Calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering blood vessel and heart cells. Blood pressure is lowered as a result of the vessels relaxing. Calcium channel blockers are effective treatments for angina, hypertension, and some types of arrhythmia. This class of medications includes amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, and varapamil, for instance. Diuretics - Diuretics cause the body to excrete more water and sodium through the urine, which reduces the volume of blood overall. This lessens the strain on the heart and lowers blood pressure. Chlorothiazide, amiloride, furosemide, bumetanide, indapamide, and spironolactone are a few examples of drugs in this class. Vasodilators: These medications lower blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels. They are helpful in the management of heart failure, angina, and heart attacks as well as high blood pressure. Isosorbide, dinitrate, and hydralazine are a few examples. Digoxin is a substance that is sometimes used to stimulate a heartbeat in heart failure patients. Statins: These medications lessen the liver's ability to produce blood cholesterol. Atherosclerosis has many causes, but one of the main ones is high blood cholesterol. Examples include atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin, some of the most well-known.
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