Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, ZigBee is one of the widely used wireless networking protocols for monitoring and controlling devices. For applications requiring a slow data rate, a long battery life, and secure networking, ZigBee is preferred. Small amounts of data are transmitted over a medium-range distance by ZigBee. For instance, study by the World Bank shows that worldwide energy consumption increased from 17.8% in 2014 to 18.1% in 2015. Because energy use is expanding quickly, people are embracing low-powered gadgets that use the least amount of energy. The ZigBee protocol tracks and controls consumer energy use, which further contributes to decreasing energy waste and bringing down energy prices for utilities and end users. Government initiatives for smart city projects are another driver of increased ZigBee protocol implementation in smart cities for energy consumption management. For instance, the Indian government introduced its "100 Smart Cities Mission" in 2015. The benefits of ZigBee Smart Energy include its ability to randomise start and end timings in order to prevent energy spikes, numerous control mechanisms (such as emergency signals and duty cycling), and assistance in tracking real-time information about energy consumption. Energy usage may be controlled with the ability to monitor it, allowing utilities and end users to save money and lessen their environmental impact. One of the main causes anticipated to increase demand for ZigBee -enabled devices in the near future is the growing trend toward the adoption of smart home devices across the globe. Inadvertently, the rapidly expanding smart home market will drive up demand for smart consumer electronics and appliances that link to standard home networks. Adopting the ZigBee protocol enables users to remotely operate a variety of home appliances, including lighting, heating and cooling, safety equipment operation, and many more. This improves the energy efficiency of home appliances while also lowering energy consumption and minimising energy waste. Various Standards of ZigBee-
In order to build personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios, such as for home automation, medical device data collection, and other low-power, low-bandwidth needs, Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification. It was created for small-scale projects that require wireless connection. Therefore, Zigbee is a wireless ad hoc network with low power, low data rate, and near proximity (i.e., personal area). The Zigbee specification outlines a technology that is meant to be less complex and more affordable than existing wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such Bluetooth or more widespread wireless networking, like Wi-Fi. Applications for short-range low-rate wireless data transfer include traffic control systems, wireless light switches, home energy monitors, and various consumer and industrial equipment.
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